{
  "$comment": "Machine-readable companion to https://valem.run/calculators/uae/holiday-entitlement. Formula, inputs, outputs, engine-verified test vectors, cited sources and the re-runnable Valem ModelSpec behind the page.",
  "url": "https://valem.run/calculators/uae/holiday-entitlement",
  "dataUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/uae/holiday-entitlement.json",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "UAE annual leave model by Valem (https://valem.run/calculators/uae/holiday-entitlement), CC BY 4.0.",
    "note": "Covers the model — the expression of each rule and the arrangement of the catalog. The rates and thresholds themselves are law and are not licensed by anyone; the cited sources are where they come from."
  },
  "verificationUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/uae/holiday-entitlement/verify",
  "country": "uae",
  "countryName": "UAE",
  "formula": "holiday-entitlement",
  "formulaName": "Annual Leave",
  "title": "Annual Leave Calculator UAE 2026 — 30 Days, 2 A Month In Year 1",
  "answer": "Under article 29 of Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 a worker is entitled to at least 30 days of fully paid annual leave for each year of service. In the first year the rate is two days for each month once service passes six months, so eleven months gives 22 days; the final part year when you leave is in proportion to the time worked.",
  "lang": "en",
  "currency": "AED",
  "taxYear": "2026",
  "verification": {
    "claim": "internal-consistency",
    "statement": "The Valem engine reproduces this model's stated formula through 8 self-test cases (below, and re-runnable against the spec). That asserts internal consistency, NOT that the formula matches current law — the cited sources are the evidence for that, and carry the date each was last checked.",
    "selfTestCases": 8,
    "ratesAreIllustrative": false,
    "sourcesCheckedOn": "2026-10-12"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 regarding the Regulation of Employment Relationships, art. 29 — annual leave (Arabic consolidated text, as amended, published by Dubai Municipality)",
      "url": "https://dmpmedia.dm.gov.ae/uploads/2025/11/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-33-%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-2021-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84.pdf",
      "checked": "2026-10-12"
    }
  ],
  "terminalOutput": "daysRemaining",
  "headlineOutput": "daysEntitled",
  "inputs": [
    {
      "name": "serviceMonths",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Completed months of service with this employer",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 600
    },
    {
      "name": "monthsWorked",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Months worked in this leave year (after the first year)",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 12
    },
    {
      "name": "daysTaken",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Days already taken",
      "minimum": 0
    }
  ],
  "outputs": [
    {
      "name": "completedMonths",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "$floor($n(serviceMonths))"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysEntitled",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($m := $n(monthsWorked); $m := $m > 12 ? 12 : ($m < 0 ? 0 : $m); completedMonths < 12 ? (completedMonths > $const.minServiceMonths ? completedMonths * $const.daysPerMonthFirstYear : 0) : $round($const.daysPerYear * $m / 12, 1))"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysRemaining",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
    }
  ],
  "testCases": [
    {
      "description": "U1 a full year of service gives 30",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 24,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 30
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "U2 six months or less in the first year gives nothing yet",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 6,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 0
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "U3 seven months is two days a month: 14",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 7,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 14
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "U4 eleven months is 22 — not eleven twelfths of 30",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 11,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 22
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "U5 the first completed year gives the full 30",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 12,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 30
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "U6 a final part year of five months is 12.5",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 41,
        "monthsWorked": 5,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 12.5
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "U7 days taken come off the remainder",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 24,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 12
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 18
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "U8 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
      "given": {
        "serviceMonths": 9,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 40
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 0
      }
    }
  ],
  "spec": {
    "id": "holiday-entitlement-uae",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "schema": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "serviceMonths": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0,
          "maximum": 600
        },
        "monthsWorked": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0,
          "maximum": 12
        },
        "daysTaken": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0
        },
        "completedMonths": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysEntitled": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysRemaining": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        }
      }
    },
    "constants": {
      "daysPerYear": 30,
      "daysPerMonthFirstYear": 2,
      "minServiceMonths": 6
    },
    "library": {
      "layers": [
        {
          "id": "statutory",
          "define": "(\n  /* Shared statutory helpers — the canonical copy (docs/sandbox/d8-statutory-families.md §5.4).\n     DO NOT EDIT A SPEC'S INLINED COPY. Edit this file and run `npm run sync:helpers`; a vitest\n     assertion and a Java assertion both require every inlined copy to be byte-identical to this one.\n\n     Why inlined rather than referenced: the `library` section's `ref` form — a library shared\n     between models — is still proposed, gated on the model-references design (see\n     ../../../../docs/design/library/jsonata-library.md). Inlining keeps each spec self-contained,\n     which is what lets `#e=` embedding, `#share=` import and MCP forking work with no resolver.\n\n     TWO TRAPS, both of which fail SILENTLY and both of which bit during the debt-payoff build:\n\n       1. A library function sees ONLY its arguments. It cannot read the consuming document — not\n          through a bare field name, not through `$`, not through `$$`. Everything these helpers\n          need is passed in. (`$const` is late-bound and so would resolve, but relying on it would\n          couple a shared helper to one spec's constant names.)\n       2. ONE null member wrecks a whole aggregate, and the two engines disagree about how. The JS\n          reference implementation THROWS (\"Argument 1 of function sum must be an array of\n          numbers\"); the Java port can instead yield null for the entire aggregate. Neither gives a\n          partial total, and the null-yielding form is the dangerous one because it is silent. So\n          callers coerce with `$n()` below before aggregating, which makes the behaviour identical\n          in both engines — measured, not assumed: see helpers.test.ts.\n\n       3. A PATH STEP DIRECTLY ON A CALL RESULT RETURNS NOTHING in the Java engine. This matters for\n          every caller of $amortize, which is the one helper here returning an object:\n\n              $amortize(p, r, n, 0).months            -> empty in Java, 360 in JS.  WRONG\n              ($a := $amortize(p, r, n, 0); $a.months) -> 360 in both.               RIGHT\n\n          Bind the result to a variable, then step into it. The JS reference accepts both forms, so\n          this is invisible until the page is served by the real engine, and it fails as a blank\n          field rather than an error. Measured with a probe, not inferred — the field simply does\n          not appear. */\n\n  /* Number coercion with an explicit zero default. The guard against trap 2. */\n  $n := function($v) { $v = null or $not($exists($v)) ? 0 : $number($v) };\n\n  /* ISO date -> its year / month / day parts. String slicing rather than $fromMillis formatting:\n     these are statutory dates (\"2026-04-06\"), and a timezone-sensitive round-trip through millis\n     can shift the day, which silently moves a service anniversary across a band boundary. */\n  $isoY := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 0, 4)) };\n  $isoM := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 5, 2)) };\n  $isoD := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 8, 2)) };\n\n  /* Whole years of completed service between two ISO dates. Counts an anniversary as reached only\n     when the month-and-day has arrived, which is what \"completed years of service\" means in every\n     severance statute — not a 365.25-day division, whose drift crosses a 5-year band boundary in\n     the wrong direction roughly one year in four. */\n  $yearsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $y := $isoY($to) - $isoY($from);\n    $beforeAnniversary := $isoM($to) < $isoM($from)\n      or ($isoM($to) = $isoM($from) and $isoD($to) < $isoD($from));\n    $beforeAnniversary ? $y - 1 : $y\n  ) };\n\n  /* Whole completed months between two ISO dates, same convention. */\n  $monthsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $m := ($isoY($to) - $isoY($from)) * 12 + ($isoM($to) - $isoM($from));\n    $isoD($to) < $isoD($from) ? $m - 1 : $m\n  ) };\n\n  /* Inclusive count of days between two ISO dates — both endpoints counted, because a leave year\n     runs from its first day to its last and an employee present on both is present for both.\n     Pro-rata accrual is then $proRataDays(a, b) / $proRataDays(yearStart, yearEnd). */\n  $proRataDays := function($from, $to) {\n    ($toMillis($to) - $toMillis($from)) / 86400000 + 1\n  };\n\n  /* Progressive charge across bands. `$bands` is ordered lowest-first, each {\"upTo\": n, \"rate\": r};\n     the final band's `upTo` is omitted or null to mean \"no ceiling\". Each band's rate applies ONLY\n     to the slice of the amount inside it — the single most common error in a hand-written bracket\n     walk is applying the top rate to the whole amount. Returns 0 for a non-positive amount. */\n  $bandedCharge := function($amount, $bands) { (\n    $a := $n($amount);\n    $a <= 0 ? 0 : $reduce($bands, function($acc, $band) { (\n      $ceiling := $exists($band.upTo) and $band.upTo != null ? $band.upTo : $a;\n      $top := $ceiling < $a ? $ceiling : $a;\n      $slice := $top - $acc.floor;\n      {\n        \"floor\": $top > $acc.floor ? $top : $acc.floor,\n        \"charge\": $acc.charge + ($slice > 0 ? $slice * $n($band.rate) : 0)\n      }\n    ) }, {\"floor\": 0, \"charge\": 0}).charge\n  ) };\n\n  /* Clamp into [floor, cap]. Either bound may be omitted (null) to leave that side open — a benefit\n     with a cap and no floor is as common as one with both. */\n  $clampFloorCap := function($value, $floor, $cap) { (\n    $v := $n($value);\n    $withFloor := $exists($floor) and $floor != null and $v < $floor ? $floor : $v;\n    $exists($cap) and $cap != null and $withFloor > $cap ? $cap : $withFloor\n  ) };\n\n  /* Level annuity payment for a principal over `$months` at `$annualRatePct` nominal, compounded\n     monthly. Falls back to straight-line division at a zero rate, where the standard formula\n     divides by zero. */\n  $annuityPayment := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) { (\n    $p := $n($principal);\n    $m := $n($months);\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $m <= 0 ? 0 : ($i = 0 ? $p / $m : $p * $i * $power(1 + $i, $m) / ($power(1 + $i, $m) - 1))\n  ) };\n\n  /* Amortisation schedule: one row per month until the balance clears or `$months` is reached.\n     Returns {\"payment\", \"months\", \"totalInterest\", \"schedule\": [{month, interest, principal,\n     balance}]}. `$extra` is an optional monthly overpayment.\n\n     A real month-by-month fold rather than a closed form, because an overpayment changes every\n     later row — the same reason debt-payoff simulates. Bounded by `$months`, so it always\n     terminates. */\n  $amortize := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months, $extra) { (\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $pay := $annuityPayment($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) + $n($extra);\n    $r := $reduce([1..$n($months)], function($acc, $month) {\n      $acc.balance <= 0 ? $acc : (\n        /* The running balance is kept UNROUNDED and only the emitted row is rounded. Rounding the\n           balance each month instead accumulates drift: at 200,000 over 360 months it left 2.83\n           still owing in the final row, which would break the \"final balance is zero\" invariant\n           (§7.3) and look to a reader like the schedule does not pay the loan off. Lenders compute\n           on the exact balance and adjust the last payment, which is what this does. */\n        $interest := $acc.balance * $i;\n        $due := $acc.balance + $interest < $pay ? $acc.balance + $interest : $pay;\n        $principalPart := $due - $interest;\n        $balance := $acc.balance - $principalPart;\n        {\n          \"balance\": $balance,\n          \"totalInterest\": $acc.totalInterest + $interest,\n          \"schedule\": $append($acc.schedule, [{\n            \"month\": $month,\n            \"interest\": $round($interest, 2),\n            \"principal\": $round($principalPart, 2),\n            \"balance\": $round($balance, 2)\n          }])\n        }\n      )\n    }, {\"balance\": $n($principal), \"totalInterest\": 0, \"schedule\": []});\n    {\n      \"payment\": $round($pay, 2),\n      \"months\": $count($r.schedule),\n      \"totalInterest\": $round($r.totalInterest, 2),\n      \"schedule\": [$r.schedule]\n    }\n  ) };\n\n  [\"n\", \"isoY\", \"isoM\", \"isoD\", \"yearsBetween\", \"monthsBetween\", \"proRataDays\",\n   \"bandedCharge\", \"clampFloorCap\", \"annuityPayment\", \"amortize\"]\n)\n"
        }
      ]
    },
    "defaultValues": [
      {
        "path": "$",
        "expr": "{ 'serviceMonths': 24, 'monthsWorked': 12, 'daysTaken': 0 }"
      }
    ],
    "derivations": [
      {
        "path": "$.completedMonths",
        "expr": "$floor($n(serviceMonths))"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysEntitled",
        "expr": "($m := $n(monthsWorked); $m := $m > 12 ? 12 : ($m < 0 ? 0 : $m); completedMonths < 12 ? (completedMonths > $const.minServiceMonths ? completedMonths * $const.daysPerMonthFirstYear : 0) : $round($const.daysPerYear * $m / 12, 1))"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysRemaining",
        "expr": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
      }
    ],
    "constraints": [],
    "viewDefinition": {
      "renderer": "builtin",
      "defaultView": "main",
      "views": [
        {
          "id": "main",
          "label": "Annual leave",
          "layout": "vertical",
          "components": [
            {
              "id": "note",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021, art. 29(1): fully paid annual leave of not less than (a) thirty days for each year of service; (b) two days for each month where the period of service is more than six months and less than a year; and (c) leave for the parts of the final year spent at work, where service ends before the balance is used. Read (b) closely: two days a month is 24 a year, not 30 — so eleven months in the first year gives 22 days, and the full 30 arrive with the first completed year."
            },
            {
              "id": "inputs",
              "type": "fieldSet",
              "label": "Your details",
              "components": [
                {
                  "id": "serviceMonths",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Completed months of service with this employer",
                  "bind": "$.serviceMonths",
                  "helperText": "Under 12 months, the first-year rule applies: nothing up to six months, then two days for each month."
                },
                {
                  "id": "monthsWorked",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Months worked in this leave year (after the first year)",
                  "bind": "$.monthsWorked",
                  "helperText": "12 for a full year. For the final part year when you leave, the law gives leave in proportion to the part of the year spent at work."
                },
                {
                  "id": "daysTaken",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Days already taken",
                  "bind": "$.daysTaken"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "sep",
              "type": "separatorLine"
            },
            {
              "id": "entitledTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days entitled",
              "value": "$.daysEntitled"
            },
            {
              "id": "remainingTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days remaining",
              "value": "$.daysRemaining"
            },
            {
              "id": "breakdown",
              "type": "keyValueList",
              "label": "How that is worked out",
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Completed months of service",
                  "value": "$.completedMonths"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "assumptions",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "Part-time workers take annual leave according to the hours they actually work, with the duration set in the contract under the Executive Regulations (art. 29(2)); this page models full-time service. Official or agreed holidays falling inside annual leave count as part of it unless the contract or the establishment’s rules give more (art. 29(7)). An employer may not stop a worker using accrued leave for more than two years unless the worker chooses to carry it forward or be paid for it (art. 29(8)). On leaving, unused leave and the proportion for the final part year are paid at the basic wage (art. 29(9)); the pay is not computed here."
            },
            {
              "id": "sources",
              "type": "sourceList",
              "label": "Sources",
              "layers": 1,
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021 regarding the Regulation of Employment Relationships, art. 29 — annual leave (Arabic consolidated text, as amended, published by Dubai Municipality)",
                  "url": "https://dmpmedia.dm.gov.ae/uploads/2025/11/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85-33-%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-2021-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84.pdf",
                  "date": "2026-10-12",
                  "covers": [
                    "daysPerYear",
                    "daysPerMonthFirstYear",
                    "minServiceMonths"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "U1 a full year of service gives 30",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 24,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 30
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "U2 six months or less in the first year gives nothing yet",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 6,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "U3 seven months is two days a month: 14",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 7,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 14
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "U4 eleven months is 22 — not eleven twelfths of 30",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 11,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 22
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "U5 the first completed year gives the full 30",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 12,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 30
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "U6 a final part year of five months is 12.5",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 41,
          "$.monthsWorked": 5,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 12.5
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "U7 days taken come off the remainder",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 24,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 12
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 18
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "U8 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceMonths": 9,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 40
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}