{
  "$comment": "Machine-readable companion to https://valem.run/calculators/singapore/holiday-entitlement. Formula, inputs, outputs, engine-verified test vectors, cited sources and the re-runnable Valem ModelSpec behind the page.",
  "url": "https://valem.run/calculators/singapore/holiday-entitlement",
  "dataUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/singapore/holiday-entitlement.json",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "Singapore annual leave model by Valem (https://valem.run/calculators/singapore/holiday-entitlement), CC BY 4.0.",
    "note": "Covers the model — the expression of each rule and the arrangement of the catalog. The rates and thresholds themselves are law and are not licensed by anyone; the cited sources are where they come from."
  },
  "verificationUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/singapore/holiday-entitlement/verify",
  "country": "singapore",
  "countryName": "Singapore",
  "formula": "holiday-entitlement",
  "formulaName": "Annual Leave",
  "title": "Annual Leave Entitlement Singapore 2026 — 7 Days Rising To 14",
  "answer": "The Ministry of Manpower states the Employment Act entitlement as 7 days of paid annual leave in the first year of service, rising by one day a year to 14 from the eighth year. You are eligible after working at least 3 months, and the leave is pro-rated on the completed months you have worked in your current year of service.",
  "lang": "en",
  "currency": "SGD",
  "taxYear": "2026",
  "verification": {
    "claim": "internal-consistency",
    "statement": "The Valem engine reproduces this model's stated formula through 10 self-test cases (below, and re-runnable against the spec). That asserts internal consistency, NOT that the formula matches current law — the cited sources are the evidence for that, and carry the date each was last checked.",
    "selfTestCases": 10,
    "ratesAreIllustrative": false,
    "sourcesCheckedOn": "2026-10-11"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "Ministry of Manpower, Annual leave eligibility and entitlement — mom.gov.sg (7 days in the first year of service rising by one a year to 14 from the eighth; eligibility after three months; pro-rated on completed months)",
      "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/leave/annual-leave/eligibility-and-entitlement",
      "checked": "2026-10-11"
    }
  ],
  "terminalOutput": "daysRemaining",
  "headlineOutput": "daysEntitled",
  "inputs": [
    {
      "name": "serviceYears",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Complete years of service with this employer",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 40
    },
    {
      "name": "completedMonthsInYear",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Completed months worked in your current year",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 12
    },
    {
      "name": "daysTaken",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Days already taken",
      "minimum": 0
    }
  ],
  "outputs": [
    {
      "name": "yearOfService",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "$floor($n(serviceYears)) + 1"
    },
    {
      "name": "bandDays",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "(yearOfService >= $const.capYearOfService ? $const.maxDays : $const.firstYearDays + (yearOfService - 1) * $const.incrementPerYear)"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysEntitled",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($total := $n(serviceYears) * $const.monthsPerYear + $n(completedMonthsInYear); $total < $const.eligibilityMonths ? 0 : ($m := $clampFloorCap($n(completedMonthsInYear), 0, $const.monthsPerYear); $round(bandDays * $m / $const.monthsPerYear, 1)))"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysRemaining",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
    }
  ],
  "testCases": [
    {
      "description": "N1 a full first year of service is seven days",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 0,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "yearOfService": 1,
        "bandDays": 7,
        "daysEntitled": 7
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N2 the second year is eight",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 1,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "yearOfService": 2,
        "daysEntitled": 8
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N3 the seventh year is thirteen",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 6,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "yearOfService": 7,
        "daysEntitled": 13
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N4 the eighth year caps at fourteen",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 7,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "yearOfService": 8,
        "bandDays": 14,
        "daysEntitled": 14
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N5 and it stays at fourteen thereafter",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 25,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "bandDays": 14,
        "daysEntitled": 14
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N6 three months in the first year is a quarter of seven days",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 0,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 3,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 1.8
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N7 under three months of total service there is no entitlement",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 0,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 2,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 0
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N8 the three-month gate looks at TOTAL service, so a long-serving employee two months into a new year is unaffected",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 5,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 2,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 2
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N9 days already taken come off the remainder",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 7,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 12,
        "daysTaken": 5
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 9
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N10 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 0,
        "completedMonthsInYear": 12,
        "daysTaken": 40
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 0
      }
    }
  ],
  "spec": {
    "id": "holiday-entitlement-singapore",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "schema": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "serviceYears": {
          "type": "number",
          "maximum": 40,
          "minimum": 0
        },
        "completedMonthsInYear": {
          "type": "number",
          "maximum": 12,
          "minimum": 0
        },
        "daysTaken": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0
        },
        "yearOfService": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "bandDays": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysEntitled": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysRemaining": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        }
      }
    },
    "constants": {
      "firstYearDays": 7,
      "incrementPerYear": 1,
      "maxDays": 14,
      "capYearOfService": 8,
      "eligibilityMonths": 3,
      "monthsPerYear": 12
    },
    "library": {
      "layers": [
        {
          "id": "statutory",
          "define": "(\n  /* Shared statutory helpers — the canonical copy (docs/sandbox/d8-statutory-families.md §5.4).\n     DO NOT EDIT A SPEC'S INLINED COPY. Edit this file and run `npm run sync:helpers`; a vitest\n     assertion and a Java assertion both require every inlined copy to be byte-identical to this one.\n\n     Why inlined rather than referenced: the `library` section's `ref` form — a library shared\n     between models — is still proposed, gated on the model-references design (see\n     ../../../../docs/design/library/jsonata-library.md). Inlining keeps each spec self-contained,\n     which is what lets `#e=` embedding, `#share=` import and MCP forking work with no resolver.\n\n     TWO TRAPS, both of which fail SILENTLY and both of which bit during the debt-payoff build:\n\n       1. A library function sees ONLY its arguments. It cannot read the consuming document — not\n          through a bare field name, not through `$`, not through `$$`. Everything these helpers\n          need is passed in. (`$const` is late-bound and so would resolve, but relying on it would\n          couple a shared helper to one spec's constant names.)\n       2. ONE null member wrecks a whole aggregate, and the two engines disagree about how. The JS\n          reference implementation THROWS (\"Argument 1 of function sum must be an array of\n          numbers\"); the Java port can instead yield null for the entire aggregate. Neither gives a\n          partial total, and the null-yielding form is the dangerous one because it is silent. So\n          callers coerce with `$n()` below before aggregating, which makes the behaviour identical\n          in both engines — measured, not assumed: see helpers.test.ts.\n\n       3. A PATH STEP DIRECTLY ON A CALL RESULT RETURNS NOTHING in the Java engine. This matters for\n          every caller of $amortize, which is the one helper here returning an object:\n\n              $amortize(p, r, n, 0).months            -> empty in Java, 360 in JS.  WRONG\n              ($a := $amortize(p, r, n, 0); $a.months) -> 360 in both.               RIGHT\n\n          Bind the result to a variable, then step into it. The JS reference accepts both forms, so\n          this is invisible until the page is served by the real engine, and it fails as a blank\n          field rather than an error. Measured with a probe, not inferred — the field simply does\n          not appear. */\n\n  /* Number coercion with an explicit zero default. The guard against trap 2. */\n  $n := function($v) { $v = null or $not($exists($v)) ? 0 : $number($v) };\n\n  /* ISO date -> its year / month / day parts. String slicing rather than $fromMillis formatting:\n     these are statutory dates (\"2026-04-06\"), and a timezone-sensitive round-trip through millis\n     can shift the day, which silently moves a service anniversary across a band boundary. */\n  $isoY := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 0, 4)) };\n  $isoM := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 5, 2)) };\n  $isoD := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 8, 2)) };\n\n  /* Whole years of completed service between two ISO dates. Counts an anniversary as reached only\n     when the month-and-day has arrived, which is what \"completed years of service\" means in every\n     severance statute — not a 365.25-day division, whose drift crosses a 5-year band boundary in\n     the wrong direction roughly one year in four. */\n  $yearsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $y := $isoY($to) - $isoY($from);\n    $beforeAnniversary := $isoM($to) < $isoM($from)\n      or ($isoM($to) = $isoM($from) and $isoD($to) < $isoD($from));\n    $beforeAnniversary ? $y - 1 : $y\n  ) };\n\n  /* Whole completed months between two ISO dates, same convention. */\n  $monthsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $m := ($isoY($to) - $isoY($from)) * 12 + ($isoM($to) - $isoM($from));\n    $isoD($to) < $isoD($from) ? $m - 1 : $m\n  ) };\n\n  /* Inclusive count of days between two ISO dates — both endpoints counted, because a leave year\n     runs from its first day to its last and an employee present on both is present for both.\n     Pro-rata accrual is then $proRataDays(a, b) / $proRataDays(yearStart, yearEnd). */\n  $proRataDays := function($from, $to) {\n    ($toMillis($to) - $toMillis($from)) / 86400000 + 1\n  };\n\n  /* Progressive charge across bands. `$bands` is ordered lowest-first, each {\"upTo\": n, \"rate\": r};\n     the final band's `upTo` is omitted or null to mean \"no ceiling\". Each band's rate applies ONLY\n     to the slice of the amount inside it — the single most common error in a hand-written bracket\n     walk is applying the top rate to the whole amount. Returns 0 for a non-positive amount. */\n  $bandedCharge := function($amount, $bands) { (\n    $a := $n($amount);\n    $a <= 0 ? 0 : $reduce($bands, function($acc, $band) { (\n      $ceiling := $exists($band.upTo) and $band.upTo != null ? $band.upTo : $a;\n      $top := $ceiling < $a ? $ceiling : $a;\n      $slice := $top - $acc.floor;\n      {\n        \"floor\": $top > $acc.floor ? $top : $acc.floor,\n        \"charge\": $acc.charge + ($slice > 0 ? $slice * $n($band.rate) : 0)\n      }\n    ) }, {\"floor\": 0, \"charge\": 0}).charge\n  ) };\n\n  /* Clamp into [floor, cap]. Either bound may be omitted (null) to leave that side open — a benefit\n     with a cap and no floor is as common as one with both. */\n  $clampFloorCap := function($value, $floor, $cap) { (\n    $v := $n($value);\n    $withFloor := $exists($floor) and $floor != null and $v < $floor ? $floor : $v;\n    $exists($cap) and $cap != null and $withFloor > $cap ? $cap : $withFloor\n  ) };\n\n  /* Level annuity payment for a principal over `$months` at `$annualRatePct` nominal, compounded\n     monthly. Falls back to straight-line division at a zero rate, where the standard formula\n     divides by zero. */\n  $annuityPayment := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) { (\n    $p := $n($principal);\n    $m := $n($months);\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $m <= 0 ? 0 : ($i = 0 ? $p / $m : $p * $i * $power(1 + $i, $m) / ($power(1 + $i, $m) - 1))\n  ) };\n\n  /* Amortisation schedule: one row per month until the balance clears or `$months` is reached.\n     Returns {\"payment\", \"months\", \"totalInterest\", \"schedule\": [{month, interest, principal,\n     balance}]}. `$extra` is an optional monthly overpayment.\n\n     A real month-by-month fold rather than a closed form, because an overpayment changes every\n     later row — the same reason debt-payoff simulates. Bounded by `$months`, so it always\n     terminates. */\n  $amortize := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months, $extra) { (\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $pay := $annuityPayment($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) + $n($extra);\n    $r := $reduce([1..$n($months)], function($acc, $month) {\n      $acc.balance <= 0 ? $acc : (\n        /* The running balance is kept UNROUNDED and only the emitted row is rounded. Rounding the\n           balance each month instead accumulates drift: at 200,000 over 360 months it left 2.83\n           still owing in the final row, which would break the \"final balance is zero\" invariant\n           (§7.3) and look to a reader like the schedule does not pay the loan off. Lenders compute\n           on the exact balance and adjust the last payment, which is what this does. */\n        $interest := $acc.balance * $i;\n        $due := $acc.balance + $interest < $pay ? $acc.balance + $interest : $pay;\n        $principalPart := $due - $interest;\n        $balance := $acc.balance - $principalPart;\n        {\n          \"balance\": $balance,\n          \"totalInterest\": $acc.totalInterest + $interest,\n          \"schedule\": $append($acc.schedule, [{\n            \"month\": $month,\n            \"interest\": $round($interest, 2),\n            \"principal\": $round($principalPart, 2),\n            \"balance\": $round($balance, 2)\n          }])\n        }\n      )\n    }, {\"balance\": $n($principal), \"totalInterest\": 0, \"schedule\": []});\n    {\n      \"payment\": $round($pay, 2),\n      \"months\": $count($r.schedule),\n      \"totalInterest\": $round($r.totalInterest, 2),\n      \"schedule\": [$r.schedule]\n    }\n  ) };\n\n  [\"n\", \"isoY\", \"isoM\", \"isoD\", \"yearsBetween\", \"monthsBetween\", \"proRataDays\",\n   \"bandedCharge\", \"clampFloorCap\", \"annuityPayment\", \"amortize\"]\n)\n"
        }
      ]
    },
    "defaultValues": [
      {
        "path": "$",
        "expr": "{ 'serviceYears': 0, 'completedMonthsInYear': 12, 'daysTaken': 0 }"
      }
    ],
    "derivations": [
      {
        "path": "$.yearOfService",
        "expr": "$floor($n(serviceYears)) + 1"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.bandDays",
        "expr": "(yearOfService >= $const.capYearOfService ? $const.maxDays : $const.firstYearDays + (yearOfService - 1) * $const.incrementPerYear)"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysEntitled",
        "expr": "($total := $n(serviceYears) * $const.monthsPerYear + $n(completedMonthsInYear); $total < $const.eligibilityMonths ? 0 : ($m := $clampFloorCap($n(completedMonthsInYear), 0, $const.monthsPerYear); $round(bandDays * $m / $const.monthsPerYear, 1)))"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysRemaining",
        "expr": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
      }
    ],
    "constraints": [],
    "viewDefinition": {
      "renderer": "builtin",
      "defaultView": "main",
      "views": [
        {
          "id": "main",
          "label": "Annual leave",
          "layout": "vertical",
          "components": [
            {
              "id": "note",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "The Ministry of Manpower’s table runs: 1st year of service 7 days, 2nd 8, 3rd 9, 4th 10, 5th 11, 6th 12, 7th 13, “8th and thereafter” 14. Seven days is the lowest first-year entitlement anywhere in this comparison, and fourteen after eight years is still below what most countries give on day one — but unlike Türkiye or New Zealand, Singapore gives something after three months rather than nothing for a year."
            },
            {
              "id": "inputs",
              "type": "fieldSet",
              "label": "Your details",
              "components": [
                {
                  "id": "serviceYears",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Complete years of service with this employer",
                  "bind": "$.serviceYears",
                  "helperText": "MOM: “Your year of service begins from the day you start work with your employer.” Zero means you are in your first year."
                },
                {
                  "id": "completedMonthsInYear",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Completed months worked in your current year",
                  "bind": "$.completedMonthsInYear",
                  "helperText": "MOM pro-rates on completed months — and says this applies even if you are still on probation."
                },
                {
                  "id": "daysTaken",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Days already taken",
                  "bind": "$.daysTaken"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "sep",
              "type": "separatorLine"
            },
            {
              "id": "entitledTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days entitled",
              "value": "$.daysEntitled"
            },
            {
              "id": "remainingTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days remaining",
              "value": "$.daysRemaining"
            },
            {
              "id": "breakdown",
              "type": "keyValueList",
              "label": "How that is worked out",
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Year of service you are in",
                  "value": "$.yearOfService"
                },
                {
                  "label": "Full-year entitlement for that year",
                  "value": "$.bandDays"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "assumptions",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "This page rests on the Ministry of Manpower’s own statement of the entitlement rather than on the Employment Act directly: sso.agc.gov.sg returns HTTP 403 to this client, so the administering authority’s page is the primary source available. The entitlement applies to employees covered by the Employment Act; MOM notes that managers and executives, and some other groups, are covered differently, and this page does not test coverage. The three-month rule is stated both as eligibility and as the point from which leave may be applied for. Public holidays are a separate entitlement. Contracts and collective agreements may provide more than the statutory table."
            },
            {
              "id": "sources",
              "type": "sourceList",
              "label": "Sources",
              "layers": 1,
              "exempt": [
                "monthsPerYear"
              ],
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Ministry of Manpower, Annual leave eligibility and entitlement — mom.gov.sg (7 days in the first year of service rising by one a year to 14 from the eighth; eligibility after three months; pro-rated on completed months)",
                  "url": "https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/leave/annual-leave/eligibility-and-entitlement",
                  "date": "2026-10-11",
                  "covers": [
                    "firstYearDays",
                    "incrementPerYear",
                    "maxDays",
                    "capYearOfService",
                    "eligibilityMonths"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "N1 a full first year of service is seven days",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 0,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.yearOfService": 1,
          "$.bandDays": 7,
          "$.daysEntitled": 7
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N2 the second year is eight",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 1,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.yearOfService": 2,
          "$.daysEntitled": 8
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N3 the seventh year is thirteen",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 6,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.yearOfService": 7,
          "$.daysEntitled": 13
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N4 the eighth year caps at fourteen",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 7,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.yearOfService": 8,
          "$.bandDays": 14,
          "$.daysEntitled": 14
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N5 and it stays at fourteen thereafter",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 25,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.bandDays": 14,
          "$.daysEntitled": 14
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N6 three months in the first year is a quarter of seven days",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 0,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 3,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 1.8
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N7 under three months of total service there is no entitlement",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 0,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 2,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N8 the three-month gate looks at TOTAL service, so a long-serving employee two months into a new year is unaffected",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 5,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 2,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 2
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N9 days already taken come off the remainder",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 7,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 5
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 9
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N10 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 0,
          "$.completedMonthsInYear": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 40
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}