{
  "$comment": "Machine-readable companion to https://valem.run/calculators/saudi-arabia/holiday-entitlement. Formula, inputs, outputs, engine-verified test vectors, cited sources and the re-runnable Valem ModelSpec behind the page.",
  "url": "https://valem.run/calculators/saudi-arabia/holiday-entitlement",
  "dataUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/saudi-arabia/holiday-entitlement.json",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "Saudi Arabia annual leave model by Valem (https://valem.run/calculators/saudi-arabia/holiday-entitlement), CC BY 4.0.",
    "note": "Covers the model — the expression of each rule and the arrangement of the catalog. The rates and thresholds themselves are law and are not licensed by anyone; the cited sources are where they come from."
  },
  "verificationUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/saudi-arabia/holiday-entitlement/verify",
  "country": "saudi-arabia",
  "countryName": "Saudi Arabia",
  "formula": "holiday-entitlement",
  "formulaName": "Annual Leave",
  "title": "Annual Leave Saudi Labor Law 2026 — 21 Days, 30 After 5 Years",
  "answer": "Under article 109 of the Saudi Labour Law a worker is entitled to at least 21 days of paid annual leave, rising to at least 30 days after five consecutive years with the same employer. For a part year, article 111 gives leave pay in proportion to the time spent at work, so six months at 21 days is 10.5.",
  "lang": "en",
  "currency": "SAR",
  "taxYear": "2026",
  "verification": {
    "claim": "internal-consistency",
    "statement": "The Valem engine reproduces this model's stated formula through 8 self-test cases (below, and re-runnable against the spec). That asserts internal consistency, NOT that the formula matches current law — the cited sources are the evidence for that, and carry the date each was last checked.",
    "selfTestCases": 8,
    "ratesAreIllustrative": false,
    "sourcesCheckedOn": "2026-10-12"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "Labour Law (Royal Decree M/51), arts. 109 and 111 — annual leave of 21 days, 30 after five consecutive years, and leave pay for part of a year in proportion to time at work (HRSD English text)",
      "url": "https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2023-02/Labor.pdf",
      "checked": "2026-10-12"
    },
    {
      "label": "Clyde & Co, “KSA Labour Law amendments series: Part 2 — leave entitlements” (7 April 2025) — corroboration that the 2025 amendments left the annual-leave provisions unchanged",
      "url": "https://www.clydeco.com/en/insights/2025/04/ksa-labour-law-amendments-leave-entitlement",
      "checked": "2026-10-12"
    }
  ],
  "terminalOutput": "daysRemaining",
  "headlineOutput": "daysEntitled",
  "inputs": [
    {
      "name": "serviceYears",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Consecutive years with this employer",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 50
    },
    {
      "name": "monthsWorked",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Months worked in this leave year",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 12
    },
    {
      "name": "daysTaken",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Days already taken",
      "minimum": 0
    }
  ],
  "outputs": [
    {
      "name": "completedYears",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "$floor($n(serviceYears))"
    },
    {
      "name": "annualEntitlement",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "completedYears >= $const.longServiceYears ? $const.daysAfterLongService : $const.daysBase"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysEntitled",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($m := $n(monthsWorked); $m := $m > 12 ? 12 : ($m < 0 ? 0 : $m); $round(annualEntitlement * $m / 12, 1))"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysRemaining",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
    }
  ],
  "testCases": [
    {
      "description": "S1 a full year in the first five gives 21",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 2,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 21
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "S2 four completed years is still 21",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 4.9,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "completedYears": 4,
        "daysEntitled": 21
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "S3 five consecutive years lifts the minimum to 30",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 5,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "annualEntitlement": 30,
        "daysEntitled": 30
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "S4 and it stays at 30",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 25,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 30
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "S5 half a year at 21 is 10.5 (art. 111 proportion)",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 1,
        "monthsWorked": 6,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 10.5
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "S6 four months at 30 is 10",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 6,
        "monthsWorked": 4,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 10
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "S7 days taken come off the remainder",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 5,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 12
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 18
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "S8 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
      "given": {
        "serviceYears": 1,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 40
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 0
      }
    }
  ],
  "spec": {
    "id": "holiday-entitlement-saudi-arabia",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "schema": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "serviceYears": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0,
          "maximum": 50
        },
        "monthsWorked": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0,
          "maximum": 12
        },
        "daysTaken": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0
        },
        "completedYears": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "annualEntitlement": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysEntitled": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysRemaining": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        }
      }
    },
    "constants": {
      "daysBase": 21,
      "daysAfterLongService": 30,
      "longServiceYears": 5
    },
    "library": {
      "layers": [
        {
          "id": "statutory",
          "define": "(\n  /* Shared statutory helpers — the canonical copy (docs/sandbox/d8-statutory-families.md §5.4).\n     DO NOT EDIT A SPEC'S INLINED COPY. Edit this file and run `npm run sync:helpers`; a vitest\n     assertion and a Java assertion both require every inlined copy to be byte-identical to this one.\n\n     Why inlined rather than referenced: the `library` section's `ref` form — a library shared\n     between models — is still proposed, gated on the model-references design (see\n     ../../../../docs/design/library/jsonata-library.md). Inlining keeps each spec self-contained,\n     which is what lets `#e=` embedding, `#share=` import and MCP forking work with no resolver.\n\n     TWO TRAPS, both of which fail SILENTLY and both of which bit during the debt-payoff build:\n\n       1. A library function sees ONLY its arguments. It cannot read the consuming document — not\n          through a bare field name, not through `$`, not through `$$`. Everything these helpers\n          need is passed in. (`$const` is late-bound and so would resolve, but relying on it would\n          couple a shared helper to one spec's constant names.)\n       2. ONE null member wrecks a whole aggregate, and the two engines disagree about how. The JS\n          reference implementation THROWS (\"Argument 1 of function sum must be an array of\n          numbers\"); the Java port can instead yield null for the entire aggregate. Neither gives a\n          partial total, and the null-yielding form is the dangerous one because it is silent. So\n          callers coerce with `$n()` below before aggregating, which makes the behaviour identical\n          in both engines — measured, not assumed: see helpers.test.ts.\n\n       3. A PATH STEP DIRECTLY ON A CALL RESULT RETURNS NOTHING in the Java engine. This matters for\n          every caller of $amortize, which is the one helper here returning an object:\n\n              $amortize(p, r, n, 0).months            -> empty in Java, 360 in JS.  WRONG\n              ($a := $amortize(p, r, n, 0); $a.months) -> 360 in both.               RIGHT\n\n          Bind the result to a variable, then step into it. The JS reference accepts both forms, so\n          this is invisible until the page is served by the real engine, and it fails as a blank\n          field rather than an error. Measured with a probe, not inferred — the field simply does\n          not appear. */\n\n  /* Number coercion with an explicit zero default. The guard against trap 2. */\n  $n := function($v) { $v = null or $not($exists($v)) ? 0 : $number($v) };\n\n  /* ISO date -> its year / month / day parts. String slicing rather than $fromMillis formatting:\n     these are statutory dates (\"2026-04-06\"), and a timezone-sensitive round-trip through millis\n     can shift the day, which silently moves a service anniversary across a band boundary. */\n  $isoY := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 0, 4)) };\n  $isoM := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 5, 2)) };\n  $isoD := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 8, 2)) };\n\n  /* Whole years of completed service between two ISO dates. Counts an anniversary as reached only\n     when the month-and-day has arrived, which is what \"completed years of service\" means in every\n     severance statute — not a 365.25-day division, whose drift crosses a 5-year band boundary in\n     the wrong direction roughly one year in four. */\n  $yearsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $y := $isoY($to) - $isoY($from);\n    $beforeAnniversary := $isoM($to) < $isoM($from)\n      or ($isoM($to) = $isoM($from) and $isoD($to) < $isoD($from));\n    $beforeAnniversary ? $y - 1 : $y\n  ) };\n\n  /* Whole completed months between two ISO dates, same convention. */\n  $monthsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $m := ($isoY($to) - $isoY($from)) * 12 + ($isoM($to) - $isoM($from));\n    $isoD($to) < $isoD($from) ? $m - 1 : $m\n  ) };\n\n  /* Inclusive count of days between two ISO dates — both endpoints counted, because a leave year\n     runs from its first day to its last and an employee present on both is present for both.\n     Pro-rata accrual is then $proRataDays(a, b) / $proRataDays(yearStart, yearEnd). */\n  $proRataDays := function($from, $to) {\n    ($toMillis($to) - $toMillis($from)) / 86400000 + 1\n  };\n\n  /* Progressive charge across bands. `$bands` is ordered lowest-first, each {\"upTo\": n, \"rate\": r};\n     the final band's `upTo` is omitted or null to mean \"no ceiling\". Each band's rate applies ONLY\n     to the slice of the amount inside it — the single most common error in a hand-written bracket\n     walk is applying the top rate to the whole amount. Returns 0 for a non-positive amount. */\n  $bandedCharge := function($amount, $bands) { (\n    $a := $n($amount);\n    $a <= 0 ? 0 : $reduce($bands, function($acc, $band) { (\n      $ceiling := $exists($band.upTo) and $band.upTo != null ? $band.upTo : $a;\n      $top := $ceiling < $a ? $ceiling : $a;\n      $slice := $top - $acc.floor;\n      {\n        \"floor\": $top > $acc.floor ? $top : $acc.floor,\n        \"charge\": $acc.charge + ($slice > 0 ? $slice * $n($band.rate) : 0)\n      }\n    ) }, {\"floor\": 0, \"charge\": 0}).charge\n  ) };\n\n  /* Clamp into [floor, cap]. Either bound may be omitted (null) to leave that side open — a benefit\n     with a cap and no floor is as common as one with both. */\n  $clampFloorCap := function($value, $floor, $cap) { (\n    $v := $n($value);\n    $withFloor := $exists($floor) and $floor != null and $v < $floor ? $floor : $v;\n    $exists($cap) and $cap != null and $withFloor > $cap ? $cap : $withFloor\n  ) };\n\n  /* Level annuity payment for a principal over `$months` at `$annualRatePct` nominal, compounded\n     monthly. Falls back to straight-line division at a zero rate, where the standard formula\n     divides by zero. */\n  $annuityPayment := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) { (\n    $p := $n($principal);\n    $m := $n($months);\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $m <= 0 ? 0 : ($i = 0 ? $p / $m : $p * $i * $power(1 + $i, $m) / ($power(1 + $i, $m) - 1))\n  ) };\n\n  /* Amortisation schedule: one row per month until the balance clears or `$months` is reached.\n     Returns {\"payment\", \"months\", \"totalInterest\", \"schedule\": [{month, interest, principal,\n     balance}]}. `$extra` is an optional monthly overpayment.\n\n     A real month-by-month fold rather than a closed form, because an overpayment changes every\n     later row — the same reason debt-payoff simulates. Bounded by `$months`, so it always\n     terminates. */\n  $amortize := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months, $extra) { (\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $pay := $annuityPayment($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) + $n($extra);\n    $r := $reduce([1..$n($months)], function($acc, $month) {\n      $acc.balance <= 0 ? $acc : (\n        /* The running balance is kept UNROUNDED and only the emitted row is rounded. Rounding the\n           balance each month instead accumulates drift: at 200,000 over 360 months it left 2.83\n           still owing in the final row, which would break the \"final balance is zero\" invariant\n           (§7.3) and look to a reader like the schedule does not pay the loan off. Lenders compute\n           on the exact balance and adjust the last payment, which is what this does. */\n        $interest := $acc.balance * $i;\n        $due := $acc.balance + $interest < $pay ? $acc.balance + $interest : $pay;\n        $principalPart := $due - $interest;\n        $balance := $acc.balance - $principalPart;\n        {\n          \"balance\": $balance,\n          \"totalInterest\": $acc.totalInterest + $interest,\n          \"schedule\": $append($acc.schedule, [{\n            \"month\": $month,\n            \"interest\": $round($interest, 2),\n            \"principal\": $round($principalPart, 2),\n            \"balance\": $round($balance, 2)\n          }])\n        }\n      )\n    }, {\"balance\": $n($principal), \"totalInterest\": 0, \"schedule\": []});\n    {\n      \"payment\": $round($pay, 2),\n      \"months\": $count($r.schedule),\n      \"totalInterest\": $round($r.totalInterest, 2),\n      \"schedule\": [$r.schedule]\n    }\n  ) };\n\n  [\"n\", \"isoY\", \"isoM\", \"isoD\", \"yearsBetween\", \"monthsBetween\", \"proRataDays\",\n   \"bandedCharge\", \"clampFloorCap\", \"annuityPayment\", \"amortize\"]\n)\n"
        }
      ]
    },
    "defaultValues": [
      {
        "path": "$",
        "expr": "{ 'serviceYears': 2, 'monthsWorked': 12, 'daysTaken': 0 }"
      }
    ],
    "derivations": [
      {
        "path": "$.completedYears",
        "expr": "$floor($n(serviceYears))"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.annualEntitlement",
        "expr": "completedYears >= $const.longServiceYears ? $const.daysAfterLongService : $const.daysBase"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysEntitled",
        "expr": "($m := $n(monthsWorked); $m := $m > 12 ? 12 : ($m < 0 ? 0 : $m); $round(annualEntitlement * $m / 12, 1))"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysRemaining",
        "expr": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
      }
    ],
    "constraints": [],
    "viewDefinition": {
      "renderer": "builtin",
      "defaultView": "main",
      "views": [
        {
          "id": "main",
          "label": "Annual leave",
          "layout": "vertical",
          "components": [
            {
              "id": "note",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "Labour Law art. 109: “A worker shall be entitled to a prepaid annual leave of not less than 21 days, to be increased to a period of not less than 30 days if the worker spends five consecutive years in the service of the employer.” The 30 days depend on five CONSECUTIVE years with the same employer — a change of employer starts the count again. Both figures are minimums; a contract may give more."
            },
            {
              "id": "inputs",
              "type": "fieldSet",
              "label": "Your details",
              "components": [
                {
                  "id": "serviceYears",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Consecutive years with this employer",
                  "bind": "$.serviceYears",
                  "helperText": "Completed years only. From the fifth, the minimum rises from 21 to 30 days."
                },
                {
                  "id": "monthsWorked",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Months worked in this leave year",
                  "bind": "$.monthsWorked",
                  "helperText": "12 for a full year. For a part year — or when you leave — art. 111 pays leave in proportion to the time spent at work."
                },
                {
                  "id": "daysTaken",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Days already taken",
                  "bind": "$.daysTaken"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "sep",
              "type": "separatorLine"
            },
            {
              "id": "entitledTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days entitled",
              "value": "$.daysEntitled"
            },
            {
              "id": "remainingTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days remaining",
              "value": "$.daysRemaining"
            },
            {
              "id": "breakdown",
              "type": "keyValueList",
              "label": "How that is worked out",
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Completed consecutive years",
                  "value": "$.completedYears"
                },
                {
                  "label": "Full-year minimum (art. 109)",
                  "value": "$.annualEntitlement"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "assumptions",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "The law counts leave in days without saying which kind; HRSD has historically applied it as working days, and the 2025 standard contract template on Qiwa states working days for annual leave. The leave must be taken in the year it is due and cannot be forgone or cashed in during employment (art. 109(2)); it may be postponed with the employer’s approval (art. 110). Eid and other official holidays are a separate entitlement (art. 112). The 2025 amendments to the Labour Law left these provisions unchanged. Leave pay is not computed here."
            },
            {
              "id": "sources",
              "type": "sourceList",
              "label": "Sources",
              "layers": 1,
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Labour Law (Royal Decree M/51), arts. 109 and 111 — annual leave of 21 days, 30 after five consecutive years, and leave pay for part of a year in proportion to time at work (HRSD English text)",
                  "url": "https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2023-02/Labor.pdf",
                  "date": "2026-10-12",
                  "covers": [
                    "daysBase",
                    "daysAfterLongService",
                    "longServiceYears"
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "label": "Clyde & Co, “KSA Labour Law amendments series: Part 2 — leave entitlements” (7 April 2025) — corroboration that the 2025 amendments left the annual-leave provisions unchanged",
                  "url": "https://www.clydeco.com/en/insights/2025/04/ksa-labour-law-amendments-leave-entitlement",
                  "date": "2026-10-12",
                  "covers": []
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "S1 a full year in the first five gives 21",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 2,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 21
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "S2 four completed years is still 21",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 4.9,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.completedYears": 4,
          "$.daysEntitled": 21
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "S3 five consecutive years lifts the minimum to 30",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 5,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.annualEntitlement": 30,
          "$.daysEntitled": 30
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "S4 and it stays at 30",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 25,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 30
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "S5 half a year at 21 is 10.5 (art. 111 proportion)",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 1,
          "$.monthsWorked": 6,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 10.5
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "S6 four months at 30 is 10",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 6,
          "$.monthsWorked": 4,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 10
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "S7 days taken come off the remainder",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 5,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 12
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 18
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "S8 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
        "given": {
          "$.serviceYears": 1,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 40
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}