{
  "$comment": "Machine-readable companion to https://valem.run/calculators/australia/holiday-entitlement. Formula, inputs, outputs, engine-verified test vectors, cited sources and the re-runnable Valem ModelSpec behind the page.",
  "url": "https://valem.run/calculators/australia/holiday-entitlement",
  "dataUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/australia/holiday-entitlement.json",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "Australia annual leave model by Valem (https://valem.run/calculators/australia/holiday-entitlement), CC BY 4.0.",
    "note": "Covers the model — the expression of each rule and the arrangement of the catalog. The rates and thresholds themselves are law and are not licensed by anyone; the cited sources are where they come from."
  },
  "verificationUrl": "https://valem.run/calculators/australia/holiday-entitlement/verify",
  "country": "australia",
  "countryName": "Australia",
  "formula": "holiday-entitlement",
  "formulaName": "Annual Leave",
  "title": "Annual Leave Australia 2026 — 4 Weeks, 5 For Shiftworkers",
  "answer": "Under the National Employment Standards an employee other than a casual accumulates 4 weeks of paid annual leave for each year of service, and an employee classified as a shiftworker is entitled to 5 weeks. Because the entitlement is in weeks of your own working week, four weeks is 20 days on a five-day week and 16 on a four-day one.",
  "lang": "en",
  "currency": "AUD",
  "taxYear": "2026",
  "verification": {
    "claim": "internal-consistency",
    "statement": "The Valem engine reproduces this model's stated formula through 8 self-test cases (below, and re-runnable against the spec). That asserts internal consistency, NOT that the formula matches current law — the cited sources are the evidence for that, and carry the date each was last checked.",
    "selfTestCases": 8,
    "ratesAreIllustrative": false,
    "sourcesCheckedOn": "2026-10-11"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "Fair Work Ombudsman, Annual leave and the National Employment Standards — fairwork.gov.au (four weeks for each year of service; five weeks for a shiftworker)",
      "url": "https://www.fairwork.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/723/Annual-leave.pdf",
      "checked": "2026-10-11"
    }
  ],
  "terminalOutput": "daysRemaining",
  "headlineOutput": "daysEntitled",
  "inputs": [
    {
      "name": "daysPerWeek",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Days you work per week",
      "minimum": 1,
      "maximum": 7
    },
    {
      "name": "isShiftworker",
      "type": "boolean",
      "label": "You are classified as a shiftworker for the NES"
    },
    {
      "name": "monthsWorked",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Months of service accrued",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 12
    },
    {
      "name": "daysTaken",
      "type": "number",
      "label": "Days already taken",
      "minimum": 0
    }
  ],
  "outputs": [
    {
      "name": "weeksEntitled",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "(isShiftworker = true ? $const.shiftworkerWeeks : $const.baseWeeks)"
    },
    {
      "name": "fullYearDays",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "weeksEntitled * $n(daysPerWeek)"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysEntitled",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($m := $clampFloorCap($n(monthsWorked), 0, $const.monthsPerYear); $round(fullYearDays * $m / $const.monthsPerYear, 1))"
    },
    {
      "name": "daysRemaining",
      "type": "number",
      "formula": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
    }
  ],
  "testCases": [
    {
      "description": "N1 four weeks on a five-day week is 20 days",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 5,
        "isShiftworker": false,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "weeksEntitled": 4,
        "daysEntitled": 20
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N2 a shiftworker gets five weeks, so 25",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 5,
        "isShiftworker": true,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "weeksEntitled": 5,
        "daysEntitled": 25
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N3 it accumulates, so half a year is half the leave — not nothing",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 5,
        "isShiftworker": false,
        "monthsWorked": 6,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 10
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N4 a four-day week gets 16 over a full year",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 4,
        "isShiftworker": false,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 16
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N5 a six-day shiftworker week reaches 30",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 6,
        "isShiftworker": true,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 30
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N6 no service accrued earns nothing",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 5,
        "isShiftworker": false,
        "monthsWorked": 0,
        "daysTaken": 0
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysEntitled": 0
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N7 days already taken come off the remainder",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 5,
        "isShiftworker": false,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 8
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 12
      }
    },
    {
      "description": "N8 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
      "given": {
        "daysPerWeek": 5,
        "isShiftworker": false,
        "monthsWorked": 12,
        "daysTaken": 40
      },
      "expect": {
        "daysRemaining": 0
      }
    }
  ],
  "spec": {
    "id": "holiday-entitlement-australia",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "schema": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "daysPerWeek": {
          "type": "number",
          "maximum": 7,
          "minimum": 1
        },
        "isShiftworker": {
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        "monthsWorked": {
          "type": "number",
          "maximum": 12,
          "minimum": 0
        },
        "daysTaken": {
          "type": "number",
          "minimum": 0
        },
        "weeksEntitled": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "fullYearDays": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysEntitled": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        },
        "daysRemaining": {
          "type": "number",
          "readOnly": true
        }
      }
    },
    "constants": {
      "baseWeeks": 4,
      "shiftworkerWeeks": 5,
      "monthsPerYear": 12
    },
    "library": {
      "layers": [
        {
          "id": "statutory",
          "define": "(\n  /* Shared statutory helpers — the canonical copy (docs/sandbox/d8-statutory-families.md §5.4).\n     DO NOT EDIT A SPEC'S INLINED COPY. Edit this file and run `npm run sync:helpers`; a vitest\n     assertion and a Java assertion both require every inlined copy to be byte-identical to this one.\n\n     Why inlined rather than referenced: the `library` section's `ref` form — a library shared\n     between models — is still proposed, gated on the model-references design (see\n     ../../../../docs/design/library/jsonata-library.md). Inlining keeps each spec self-contained,\n     which is what lets `#e=` embedding, `#share=` import and MCP forking work with no resolver.\n\n     TWO TRAPS, both of which fail SILENTLY and both of which bit during the debt-payoff build:\n\n       1. A library function sees ONLY its arguments. It cannot read the consuming document — not\n          through a bare field name, not through `$`, not through `$$`. Everything these helpers\n          need is passed in. (`$const` is late-bound and so would resolve, but relying on it would\n          couple a shared helper to one spec's constant names.)\n       2. ONE null member wrecks a whole aggregate, and the two engines disagree about how. The JS\n          reference implementation THROWS (\"Argument 1 of function sum must be an array of\n          numbers\"); the Java port can instead yield null for the entire aggregate. Neither gives a\n          partial total, and the null-yielding form is the dangerous one because it is silent. So\n          callers coerce with `$n()` below before aggregating, which makes the behaviour identical\n          in both engines — measured, not assumed: see helpers.test.ts.\n\n       3. A PATH STEP DIRECTLY ON A CALL RESULT RETURNS NOTHING in the Java engine. This matters for\n          every caller of $amortize, which is the one helper here returning an object:\n\n              $amortize(p, r, n, 0).months            -> empty in Java, 360 in JS.  WRONG\n              ($a := $amortize(p, r, n, 0); $a.months) -> 360 in both.               RIGHT\n\n          Bind the result to a variable, then step into it. The JS reference accepts both forms, so\n          this is invisible until the page is served by the real engine, and it fails as a blank\n          field rather than an error. Measured with a probe, not inferred — the field simply does\n          not appear. */\n\n  /* Number coercion with an explicit zero default. The guard against trap 2. */\n  $n := function($v) { $v = null or $not($exists($v)) ? 0 : $number($v) };\n\n  /* ISO date -> its year / month / day parts. String slicing rather than $fromMillis formatting:\n     these are statutory dates (\"2026-04-06\"), and a timezone-sensitive round-trip through millis\n     can shift the day, which silently moves a service anniversary across a band boundary. */\n  $isoY := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 0, 4)) };\n  $isoM := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 5, 2)) };\n  $isoD := function($d) { $number($substring($d, 8, 2)) };\n\n  /* Whole years of completed service between two ISO dates. Counts an anniversary as reached only\n     when the month-and-day has arrived, which is what \"completed years of service\" means in every\n     severance statute — not a 365.25-day division, whose drift crosses a 5-year band boundary in\n     the wrong direction roughly one year in four. */\n  $yearsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $y := $isoY($to) - $isoY($from);\n    $beforeAnniversary := $isoM($to) < $isoM($from)\n      or ($isoM($to) = $isoM($from) and $isoD($to) < $isoD($from));\n    $beforeAnniversary ? $y - 1 : $y\n  ) };\n\n  /* Whole completed months between two ISO dates, same convention. */\n  $monthsBetween := function($from, $to) { (\n    $m := ($isoY($to) - $isoY($from)) * 12 + ($isoM($to) - $isoM($from));\n    $isoD($to) < $isoD($from) ? $m - 1 : $m\n  ) };\n\n  /* Inclusive count of days between two ISO dates — both endpoints counted, because a leave year\n     runs from its first day to its last and an employee present on both is present for both.\n     Pro-rata accrual is then $proRataDays(a, b) / $proRataDays(yearStart, yearEnd). */\n  $proRataDays := function($from, $to) {\n    ($toMillis($to) - $toMillis($from)) / 86400000 + 1\n  };\n\n  /* Progressive charge across bands. `$bands` is ordered lowest-first, each {\"upTo\": n, \"rate\": r};\n     the final band's `upTo` is omitted or null to mean \"no ceiling\". Each band's rate applies ONLY\n     to the slice of the amount inside it — the single most common error in a hand-written bracket\n     walk is applying the top rate to the whole amount. Returns 0 for a non-positive amount. */\n  $bandedCharge := function($amount, $bands) { (\n    $a := $n($amount);\n    $a <= 0 ? 0 : $reduce($bands, function($acc, $band) { (\n      $ceiling := $exists($band.upTo) and $band.upTo != null ? $band.upTo : $a;\n      $top := $ceiling < $a ? $ceiling : $a;\n      $slice := $top - $acc.floor;\n      {\n        \"floor\": $top > $acc.floor ? $top : $acc.floor,\n        \"charge\": $acc.charge + ($slice > 0 ? $slice * $n($band.rate) : 0)\n      }\n    ) }, {\"floor\": 0, \"charge\": 0}).charge\n  ) };\n\n  /* Clamp into [floor, cap]. Either bound may be omitted (null) to leave that side open — a benefit\n     with a cap and no floor is as common as one with both. */\n  $clampFloorCap := function($value, $floor, $cap) { (\n    $v := $n($value);\n    $withFloor := $exists($floor) and $floor != null and $v < $floor ? $floor : $v;\n    $exists($cap) and $cap != null and $withFloor > $cap ? $cap : $withFloor\n  ) };\n\n  /* Level annuity payment for a principal over `$months` at `$annualRatePct` nominal, compounded\n     monthly. Falls back to straight-line division at a zero rate, where the standard formula\n     divides by zero. */\n  $annuityPayment := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) { (\n    $p := $n($principal);\n    $m := $n($months);\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $m <= 0 ? 0 : ($i = 0 ? $p / $m : $p * $i * $power(1 + $i, $m) / ($power(1 + $i, $m) - 1))\n  ) };\n\n  /* Amortisation schedule: one row per month until the balance clears or `$months` is reached.\n     Returns {\"payment\", \"months\", \"totalInterest\", \"schedule\": [{month, interest, principal,\n     balance}]}. `$extra` is an optional monthly overpayment.\n\n     A real month-by-month fold rather than a closed form, because an overpayment changes every\n     later row — the same reason debt-payoff simulates. Bounded by `$months`, so it always\n     terminates. */\n  $amortize := function($principal, $annualRatePct, $months, $extra) { (\n    $i := $n($annualRatePct) / 1200;\n    $pay := $annuityPayment($principal, $annualRatePct, $months) + $n($extra);\n    $r := $reduce([1..$n($months)], function($acc, $month) {\n      $acc.balance <= 0 ? $acc : (\n        /* The running balance is kept UNROUNDED and only the emitted row is rounded. Rounding the\n           balance each month instead accumulates drift: at 200,000 over 360 months it left 2.83\n           still owing in the final row, which would break the \"final balance is zero\" invariant\n           (§7.3) and look to a reader like the schedule does not pay the loan off. Lenders compute\n           on the exact balance and adjust the last payment, which is what this does. */\n        $interest := $acc.balance * $i;\n        $due := $acc.balance + $interest < $pay ? $acc.balance + $interest : $pay;\n        $principalPart := $due - $interest;\n        $balance := $acc.balance - $principalPart;\n        {\n          \"balance\": $balance,\n          \"totalInterest\": $acc.totalInterest + $interest,\n          \"schedule\": $append($acc.schedule, [{\n            \"month\": $month,\n            \"interest\": $round($interest, 2),\n            \"principal\": $round($principalPart, 2),\n            \"balance\": $round($balance, 2)\n          }])\n        }\n      )\n    }, {\"balance\": $n($principal), \"totalInterest\": 0, \"schedule\": []});\n    {\n      \"payment\": $round($pay, 2),\n      \"months\": $count($r.schedule),\n      \"totalInterest\": $round($r.totalInterest, 2),\n      \"schedule\": [$r.schedule]\n    }\n  ) };\n\n  [\"n\", \"isoY\", \"isoM\", \"isoD\", \"yearsBetween\", \"monthsBetween\", \"proRataDays\",\n   \"bandedCharge\", \"clampFloorCap\", \"annuityPayment\", \"amortize\"]\n)\n"
        }
      ]
    },
    "defaultValues": [
      {
        "path": "$",
        "expr": "{ 'daysPerWeek': 5, 'isShiftworker': false, 'monthsWorked': 12, 'daysTaken': 0 }"
      }
    ],
    "derivations": [
      {
        "path": "$.weeksEntitled",
        "expr": "(isShiftworker = true ? $const.shiftworkerWeeks : $const.baseWeeks)"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.fullYearDays",
        "expr": "weeksEntitled * $n(daysPerWeek)"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysEntitled",
        "expr": "($m := $clampFloorCap($n(monthsWorked), 0, $const.monthsPerYear); $round(fullYearDays * $m / $const.monthsPerYear, 1))"
      },
      {
        "path": "$.daysRemaining",
        "expr": "($r := daysEntitled - $n(daysTaken); $r < 0 ? 0 : $round($r, 1))"
      }
    ],
    "constraints": [],
    "viewDefinition": {
      "renderer": "builtin",
      "defaultView": "main",
      "views": [
        {
          "id": "main",
          "label": "Annual leave",
          "layout": "vertical",
          "components": [
            {
              "id": "note",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "Fair Work Ombudsman: “An employee (other than a casual employee) accumulates 4 weeks of paid annual leave for each year of service with the employer”, and “an employee classified as a ‘shiftworker’ is entitled to 5 weeks of paid annual leave.” Four weeks of YOUR week — and note “accumulates”: unlike New Zealand next door, where the entitlement arrives whole at twelve months, Australia’s builds up as you go."
            },
            {
              "id": "inputs",
              "type": "fieldSet",
              "label": "Your details",
              "components": [
                {
                  "id": "daysPerWeek",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Days you work per week",
                  "bind": "$.daysPerWeek",
                  "helperText": "The entitlement is in weeks, so your own week sets the day count. Part-time employees accrue on the same basis."
                },
                {
                  "id": "isShiftworker",
                  "type": "checkboxField",
                  "label": "You are classified as a shiftworker for the NES",
                  "bind": "$.isShiftworker",
                  "helperText": "Five weeks instead of four. An award or agreement must define you as one — or, if you are award and agreement free, you must work continuously rostered 24/7 shifts and regularly work Sundays and public holidays."
                },
                {
                  "id": "monthsWorked",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Months of service accrued",
                  "bind": "$.monthsWorked",
                  "helperText": "The leave accumulates across the year rather than arriving at the end of it."
                },
                {
                  "id": "daysTaken",
                  "type": "numericField",
                  "label": "Days already taken",
                  "bind": "$.daysTaken"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "sep",
              "type": "separatorLine"
            },
            {
              "id": "entitledTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days entitled",
              "value": "$.daysEntitled"
            },
            {
              "id": "remainingTile",
              "type": "statTile",
              "label": "Days remaining",
              "value": "$.daysRemaining"
            },
            {
              "id": "breakdown",
              "type": "keyValueList",
              "label": "How that is worked out",
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Weeks per year of service",
                  "value": "$.weeksEntitled"
                },
                {
                  "label": "A full year on your week",
                  "value": "$.fullYearDays"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "id": "assumptions",
              "type": "staticText",
              "text": "This page rests on the Fair Work Ombudsman’s own fact sheet rather than on the Fair Work Act directly: legislation.gov.au serves the Act’s table of contents but not its section bodies, and the Ombudsman administers the Act. Casual employees do not accrue annual leave under the NES. The shiftworker classification is a declaration here, not a test — whether an award or registered agreement describes you as one is a question this page cannot answer. Cashing out is possible where an award or agreement allows it, but the employee must retain at least four weeks, each occasion needs a written agreement, and the payment must match what taking the leave would have paid. Public holidays are a separate NES entitlement. Awards and agreements may provide more."
            },
            {
              "id": "sources",
              "type": "sourceList",
              "label": "Sources",
              "layers": 1,
              "exempt": [
                "monthsPerYear"
              ],
              "items": [
                {
                  "label": "Fair Work Ombudsman, Annual leave and the National Employment Standards — fairwork.gov.au (four weeks for each year of service; five weeks for a shiftworker)",
                  "url": "https://www.fairwork.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/723/Annual-leave.pdf",
                  "date": "2026-10-11",
                  "covers": [
                    "baseWeeks",
                    "shiftworkerWeeks"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "N1 four weeks on a five-day week is 20 days",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 5,
          "$.isShiftworker": false,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.weeksEntitled": 4,
          "$.daysEntitled": 20
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N2 a shiftworker gets five weeks, so 25",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 5,
          "$.isShiftworker": true,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.weeksEntitled": 5,
          "$.daysEntitled": 25
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N3 it accumulates, so half a year is half the leave — not nothing",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 5,
          "$.isShiftworker": false,
          "$.monthsWorked": 6,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 10
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N4 a four-day week gets 16 over a full year",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 4,
          "$.isShiftworker": false,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 16
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N5 a six-day shiftworker week reaches 30",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 6,
          "$.isShiftworker": true,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 30
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N6 no service accrued earns nothing",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 5,
          "$.isShiftworker": false,
          "$.monthsWorked": 0,
          "$.daysTaken": 0
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysEntitled": 0
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N7 days already taken come off the remainder",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 5,
          "$.isShiftworker": false,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 8
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 12
        }
      },
      {
        "description": "N8 taking more than the entitlement never goes negative",
        "given": {
          "$.daysPerWeek": 5,
          "$.isShiftworker": false,
          "$.monthsWorked": 12,
          "$.daysTaken": 40
        },
        "expect": {
          "$.daysRemaining": 0
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}